*Hironori Hoshino and Shin Nakamura,
Effective temperature of nonequilibrium dense matter in holography,
Physical Review D 91, 026009 /1-10 (2015).
[Summary] We study properties of effective temperature of nonequilibrium steady states by using the anti–de Sitter spacetime/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT ) correspondence. We consider nonequilibrium systems with a constant flow of current along an electric field, in which the current is carried by both the doped charges and those pair created by the electric field. We find that the effective temperature agrees with that of the Langevin systems if we take the limit where the pair creation is negligible. The effect of pair creation raises the effective temperature whereas the current by the doped charges contributes to lower the effective temperature in a wide range of the holographic models.